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中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

篇1:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  consider doing sth. 思索做某事

  enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

  escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

  finish doing sth. 完成做某事

  give up doing sth. 保持做某事

  imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

  mind doing sth. 介意做某事

  practice doing sth. 练习做某事

  prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事

  put off doing sth. 推延做某事

  risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

  forbid doing sth. 制止做某事

  forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

 

篇2:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

  make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

  make sth. done 使某事完成

  have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

  have sth done 做完某事

  see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事

  see sb doing 看人某人正在做

  hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

  hear sb doing 听见某人正在做

  listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

  listen sb doing sth 听着某人正在做

  look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事

  watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事

  feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事

 

篇3:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  remember to do sth. 记住去做某事,表示这件事情还没有做

  remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

  forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

  regret to do sth. 遗憾地(要)做某事 (还未做呢)

  regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已经做过了)

  try to do sth. 努力做谋事,尽力做某事,但不一定成功

  try doing sth. 试图做谋事

  stop to do 表示停止现在在做的事情,开始做另外一件事情

  stop doing 表示停止现在在做的事情

  mean to do sth. 计划做某事

  mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

  can’t help to do sth. 不能协助做某

  can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

  go on to do sth. 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事

 

篇4:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  1. to do 结构题

  ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事

  tell sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事

  help sb. (to) do sth. 协助做某事

  want sb. to do sth. 想要做某事

  wish sb. to do sth. 希望做某事

  invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事

  drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事

  expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事

  forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事

  force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

  hope to do sth. 希望做某事

  offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事

  plan to do sth. 方案做某事

  prepare to do sth. 预备做某事

  pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事

  promise to do sth. 容许做某事

  refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事

  fail to do sth. 未能做某事

  happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

  need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

  need doing = need to be done. 某事需要被做

  advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

  advise doing sth. 建议做某事

  allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

  allow  doing  sth. 允许某人做某事

  2. -ing 结构

  consider doing sth. 思索做某事

  enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

  escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

  finish doing sth. 完成做某事

  give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

  imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

  mind doing sth. 介意做某事

  practice doing sth. 练习做某事

  prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事

  put off doing sth. 推延做某事

  risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

  forbid doing sth. 制止做某事

  forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

  3. 既 +to 又 +ing

  remember to do sth.  记住去做某事,表示这件事情还没有做

  remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

  forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

  regret to do sth. 遗憾地(要)做某事 (还未做呢)

  regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已经做过了)

  try to do sth.  努力做谋事,尽力做某事,但不一定成功

  try doing sth. 试图做谋事

  stop  to  do 表示停止现在在做的事情,开始做另外一件事情

  stop  doing 表示停止现在在做的事情

  mean to do sth. 计划做某事

  mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

  can’t  help to do sth. 不能协助做某

  can’t  help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

  go on to do sth. 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事

  go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事

  4. do 动词原形

  let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

  make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

  make sth. done 使某事完成

  have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

  have sth done 做完某事

  see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事

  see sb. doing 看人某人正在做

  hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

  hear sb. doing 听见某人正在做

  listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

  listen sb. doing sth 听着某人正在做

  look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事

  watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事

  feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事

  5. 双宾语

  give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物

  tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事

  borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物

  lend sth to sb. 借某物给某人

  buy sth for sb. =buy sb. sth 给某人买某物

  show sb. sth=show sth to sb. 向某人展示某物

  6. be 动词结构

  be at  home = stay at home 在家

  be in trouble 有麻烦

  be careful of 小心……

  be late for 因……迟到

  be free  空闲的,有空

  be busy doing/with sth 忙于……

  be covered with  被……复盖

  be ready for  为……作好准备

  be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶

  be interested in   对……感到举

  be excited about 激动于

  be angry with 愤怒于

  be mad at 疯狂于

  be friendly to 友好地去

  be pleased with 很高兴做

  be satisfied with 对……很满意

  be famous for 因……而著名

  be famous as 作为……而著名

  be strict with 对……严格

  be strict in 在……方面严格

  be afraid of 害怕……

  be afraid to do 害怕去做……

  be glad to do 很高兴去做……

  be good for 对……有好处

  be bad for 对……有害处

  be good at = do well in 擅长

  be able to do 能去做……

  7. 固定搭配

  have a lesson /a meeting 上课/开会

  have a try  试一试

  have a good time  玩得很高兴

  have fun 玩得高兴

  have breakfast/lunch/supper  吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

  have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭

  have a fever  发烧

  have a cold 感冒

  have a look (at) 看一看……

  have a rest 休息一会儿

  have a talk 谈话

  have a walk =take a walk 散步

  make friends (with) 与……交朋友

  make a living 谋生

  make a mistake 犯错误

  make a sentence 造句

  be made from/of 由……制成

  be made in 在……地方制造

  look after =take care of 照管,照看,

  look for 寻找

  look like 看上去像

  look out 当心,小心

  look around 朝四周看

  look at 看着……

  put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子)

  put up 张帖

  set up  竖起,建起

  set off  出发,动身

  set out  出发

  send for  派人去请

  take one's advice  听从某人劝告

  take out  拿出,取出

  take down  拿下

  take place  发生

  take the place of  代替

  take it easy  别紧张

  take away  拿走

  take off  脱下,起飞,休假

  day off / have off 休假

  take photos  拍照

  take some medicine  服药

  turn on  开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)

  turn off  关上(电灯,收音机等)

  turn down  (把音量)调低

  turn up 调高

  turn in 交出,上交

  turn…into…  变成

  turn…over  把……翻过来

  at once  立刻

  at last  最后

  at first  起先,首先

  at the age of…  在……岁时

  at the end of…  在……之末

  by the end of…  到……底为止

  at the beginning of…  在……之初

  at night/noon  在夜里/中午

  in the day 在白天

  in all  总共

  in fact  事实上

  in one's twenties  在某人二十几岁时

  in a hurry  匆忙

  in time 及时

  in public  公众,公开地

  in order to  为了……

  in front of  在……前面

  in the front of 在某物内的前面

  in the end  最后,终于

  in turn  依次

  of course  当然

  from now on   从现在起

  from then on  从那时起

  for example  例如

  far away from  远离

  a piece of  一张(一片,块)

  a cup of   一茶怀

  a glass of   一玻璃杯

  a box of   一盒

  a bottle of   一瓶

  a set of  一套

  a group of   一队,一组,一群

  a kind of  一种

  all kinds of 所有种类

  a type of  一种类型的

  a different type of  一种不同型号的

  a great deal of  非常多,大量的(不可数名词)

  a large (great) number of   非常多,大量的(可数名词)

  a great many  大量,许多(可数名词)

  all over the world/the country  全世界/全国

  day after day  日复一日

  day by day 一天天

  up and down  上上下下

  the day after tomorrow  后天

  the day before yesterday  前天

篇5:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  be at home = stay at home 在家

  be in trouble 有麻烦

  be careful of 小心……

  be late for 因……迟到

  be free 空闲的,有空

  be busy doing/with sth 忙于……

  be covered with 被……复盖

  be ready for 为……作好准备

  be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶

  be interested in 对……感到举

  be excited about 激动于

  be angry with 愤怒于

  be mad at 疯狂于

  be friendly to 友好地去

  be pleased with 很高兴做

  be satisfied with 对……很满意

  be famous for 因……而著名

  be famous as 作为……而著名

  be strict with 对……严格

  be strict in 在……方面严格

  be afraid of 害怕……

  be afraid to do 害怕去做……

  be glad to do 很高兴去做……

  be good for 对……有好处

  be bad for 对……有害处

  be good at = do well in 擅长

  be able to do 能去做……

 

 

篇6:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事

  tell sb to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事

  help sb ( to) do sth. 协助做某事

  want sb to do sth. 想要做某事

  wish sb to do sth. 希望做某事

  invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事

  drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事

  expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事

  forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事

  force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

  hope to do sth. 希望做某事

  offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事

  plan to do sth. 方案做某事

  prepare to do sth. 预备做某事

  pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事

  promise to do sth. 容许做某事

  refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事

  fail to do sth. 未能做某事

  happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

  need sb to do sth. 需要某人做某事

  need doing =need to be done. 某事需要被做

  advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

  advise doing sth. 建议做某事

  allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

  allow doing sth. 允许某人做某事

 

 

篇7:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

初三英语知识点:垂直结构

所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法,应该避免。

下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法:

⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:

① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二:

(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

⒉垂悬副词短语,如:

② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同:

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.

(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

⒊垂悬不定式动词短语,如:

③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主语必须是“ 人”,如:

(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.

上述三类垂悬结构中,第一类发生的频率最高,必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下,分词短语是对的,它们并非垂悬结构:

第一,独立结构(The Absolute Construction,见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语,所以不是垂悬结构。例如:

① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

第二,当分词含有介词或连词性质时,它不需要逻辑主语,所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如:

② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.

③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.

第三,当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时,也不需要逻辑主语,因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如:

④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.

⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.

篇8:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  There be 的句子结构

  There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

  肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

  be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:

  There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

  There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

  (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

  否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

  There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

  There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

  (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语

  肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.

  -Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

  -Yes, there is. 有。

  -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

  -No, there aren't. 没有。

  (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

  某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

  There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .

  有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

  -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

  -There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

  (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

  How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

 

篇9:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

英语中的插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法,解释或者说明整个句子而不是某个词。有些语法学家认为插入结构属于状语。其实,两者的主要区别在于,插入结构通常与句中其他成分的语法上并无十分密切的联系,常用来对全句加以说明,表示作者或说话者对句子表达内容的看法,或者用以对其内容作出补充说明等。插入结构一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,一般位于句首、句中或者句尾。翻译成汉语时,有些插入语,尤其是位于句首的插入语,可保持原文中的词序。然而,在许多情况下,需要对英语原文句子的顺序作必要的调整,使译文符合汉语习惯。插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构,现在分别论述这些插入结构的翻译。

一、副词插入语

英语中,副词用作插入语的位置通常可以在句首、句中或者句尾。翻译的时候,可以把这个插入结构放在其修饰的句子的前面翻译。

Apparently, it is going to rain.

很明显,要下雨了。

Fortunately, I passed the examination.

幸运的是,我通过了考试。

Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.

顺便说一句,你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。

He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.

然而,他比较幸运,因为他只是受了点轻伤。

He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.

他很年轻,但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。

二、形容词短语作插入语

形容词词组作插入结构,一般翻译为“…的是,…”这样的结构,放在其修饰的句子前面翻译。

Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world.

最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。

I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.

昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是,我的自行车坏了。

Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.

奇怪的是,他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。

三、介词短语作插入语

英语中,介词词组作插入语的结构有:all in all(总而言之),as a matter of fact(事实上),as a result(结果),at worst(在最坏的情况下),by the way(顺便说一句),first of all(首先),for example(例如),in conclusion(总之,最后),in fact(事实上),in effect(实际上),in my opinion(依我我看来,我认为),in other words(换句话说,换言之),in short(简言之),to my delight(让我高兴的是),to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是),to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是),to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是),to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)等。通常放到句子的最前面去翻译。 #p#分页标题#e#

China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.

事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。

What happen to him, by the way?

顺便问一句,他后来怎么样了?

All in all, her condition is greatly improved.

总之,他的健康状况已经大大的改善了。

四、不定式短语作插入结构

不定式短语作插入结构时,对整个句子进行解释,常见的作插入结构的不定式短语有:so to speak(可以这样说),to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be frank(说句实话),to begin with(首先),to start with(首先),to be more exact(更确切地说),to sum up(总之,概括地说),to put it briefly(简单说来),to put it in another way(换句话说),to make a long story short(长话短说),to say the least of it(至少可以这样说),needless to say(不用说),strange to say(说来奇怪),to conclude(总之,最后),to be sure(可以肯定的说),to be specific(具体说来),to be precise(准确地说),to speak frankly(坦白地说)等等。翻译的时候,无论其在英语原文中的顺序怎样,一般放到句子的最前面翻译。

To tell you the truth, I haven’t bought anything for a year.

老实对你说,我一年来什么东西都没有买过。

It wasn’t a very good dinner, to say the least of it.

至少可以这样说,这次宴会并不成功。

The movie, to be frank, moved me to tears.

坦白地说,这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。

She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime.

确切地说,她一生写了十部小说。

五、分词短语作插入结构

分词短语作插入语通常在其所修饰的句子最前面翻译。在英语中,分词短语作插入结构的常常有:considering…(考虑到),all things considered(从整体来看),allowing for…(考虑到),generally speaking(一般说来),judging from…(从...来判断),putting it another way(换句话说),roughly speaking(大体说来),taking account of…(考虑到),taking all things into consideration(全面看来),taking… as an example(以…为例),talking of…(说道),speaking of…(说道),strictly speaking(严格地说)等等。

Judging from the handwriting, it should be written by our teacher.

从字迹上判断,这应该是我们老师写的。

Generally speaking, she’s not quite fit for this kind of work.

总的来说,他不太适合做这种工作。

You managed the project very well, considering your inexperience.

考虑到你缺乏经验,你对这个项目的处理得已经很好了。 #p#分页标题#e#

六、主谓结构作插入结构

在英语中,主谓结构作插入结构通常放在句子中间或者结尾;如果放在句首,就不应该是插入结构,而是一个主谓句后面跟宾语的英语句型了。翻译成汉语译文的时候,这种插入结构却应该放在句子最前面翻译。这种作插入结构的主谓结构通常是:I think(我认为),I hope(我希望),I guess(我想),I’m afraid(恐怕),I believe(我认为,我相信),I suppose(我想,我认为),I wonder(我想知道),you see(你应该明白),you know(你知道),don’t you think(难道你不认为),don’t you know(难道你不知道),I tell you(我告诉你),it seems(似乎),it seems to me(在我看来,这似乎),it is said(据说),it is suggested(有人认为)等等。

The man, I think, does not deserve the prize.

我认为,那个人不应该得奖。

The air is rather refreshing, I suppose.

我想,那里的空气应该很宜人。

Honesty, I believe, is her virtue.

我认为,诚实是她的美德。

七、what we call句型作插入结构

在英语的议论文中,常常有what we call这样的句型,通常可以看作插入结构,因为把这样的结构去掉之后句子仍然完整。类似的句型还有:what we used to call, what is called, what they described as, what can be called, what they regarded as, as we call it, as we know it等。通常翻译为“所谓的…”,可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。

He is what we call a walking dictionary.

他就是所谓的活字典。

Most of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort.

大部分所谓的天才是由于付出了非凡的努力才获得成功的。

A compound, as we know it, results from the chemical union of two or more elements.

所谓的化合物是由两个或两个以上元素化合而成的。

篇10:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

在英语中,为了突出某个词、词组或者句子,这时候就要用强调结构。强调结构通常采用变换词序的方法,或者增加一些用于表示强调的词,或者采用“It is …that”句型。翻译时,要特别注意被强调的句子成分,一般要把强调语气用适当的汉语表达出来。为了突出强调成分,在汉语译文中可以把强调部分放在句首,也可以在被强调部分之前加上“的确,究竟,务必,千万,就是,正是”等词用来增加强调语气。

一、英语中,强调部分通常放在句首,采用倒装或前置来强调句子中的某些成分。翻译的时候,可以直接按照英语原文的顺序翻译,或者把英语中的强调成分还原到句子的正常顺序翻译。

(一)强调宾语

Such good students we have never seen.

像这样好的学生,我们还从来没有见过。(直接按照英语顺序翻译)

Not a word did she say the whole two hours.

整整两个小时她一句话也没有说。(把宾语还原到谓语动词后面翻译)

(二)强调状语

At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.

在任何时候和任何情况下,中国都不会首先使用或威胁使用核武器。(直接按照英语的顺序翻译)

Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.

他们绝对不会放弃为自由和和平而斗争。(把状语还原到谓语动词前面翻译)

(三)强调表语

More serious was the problem of environmental pollution.

更为严重的是环境污染问题。(直接按照英语顺序翻译)

Very strange the thing seemed.

这件事情好像很奇怪。(把表语还原到系动词后面翻译)

(四)强调宾语补足语

在翻译对英语补足语强调的时候,应该把补足语还原到宾语后面去翻译。

Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation.

电子计算机使快速进行复杂计算成为可能。(把possible还原为到宾语后面)

A scandal people call the whole matter.

人们把这件事称为丑闻。(把a scandal还原为到宾语后面)

二、在动词前面加上助动词do,也是英语中一种表示强调的方法。翻译成汉语时,可使用“的确,确实,务必,一定,千万,真的”等词来突出强调语气。

She did accomplish the task in time.

她的确准时完成了任务。

We do have sufficient food and drink.

我们确实有足够的事物和饮料。

三、英语中,如果在what, where, who ,why, how等疑问词后面加上the devil,the hell, on earth, in(或under)heaven等词组用来加强语气,有时在某些否定词或最高级后面也可以加上on earth以增强语气。翻译成汉语时,可以增加“究竟,到底”等词来处理。 #p#分页标题#e#

Who the devil is that woman?

那个女人究竟是谁?

What on earth is the matter over there?

那里到底发生了什么事情?

How on earth can one accomplish such a feat?

一个人怎么能够完成如此伟大的工作呢?

四、It is 被强调部分 that…强调句型。

英语中,It is 被强调部分 that…这种强调句型用来突出句子的某一个部分,在意义上起强调作用。被强调部分指人时,可用Who或者whom代替that。这个句型中的It没有实际意义,只是用来改变句子结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调。所强调的部分可以是谓语以外的其他任何成分,如:主语、宾语、状语等。在翻译的时候,可在被强调部分之前加上“就是,正是,是”等词表示强调。。如果被强调部分本身就带有强调语气的词,如:only(只有),not until…(直到…才,如果不…)等词,那么译成汉语时就不必再加上“正是”等词。

It was Professor Wu that (who) sent me the letter.

给我寄信的正是吴教授。(强调主语)

It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

昨天晚上在实验室做实验的正是我父亲。(强调主语)

It was I myself who opened the window.

是我自己打开的窗户。(强调主语及其同位语)

It was your mother-in-law that (whom) I met in the park the day before yesterday.

前天我在公园里碰到的正是你的岳母。(强调宾语)

It is this novel they talked about last week.

他们上周讨论的就是这本小说。(强调宾语)

It was at an evening party that I first saw her.

我是在一次晚会上第一次见到她的。(强调状语)

It was when Hemingway lived in Cuba that he wrote The Old Man and the Sea.

海明威是生活在古巴的时候写的《老人与海》。(强调状语)

It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of health.

只有在人们生病了才知道健康的重要性。(强调状语)

It was not until recently that scientists know much about lung cancer.

直到最近,科学家才对肺癌有较多的了解。(强调状语)

五、有些表示程度的形容词或副词,也可以用来增强语气。翻译的时候,也可以增加“就是,正是,是,到底,究竟,完全,最”等词来表示强调。

You are the very man I am looking for.

你正是我要寻找的人。

Who ever said so?

到底是谁说的?

The pear is rotten right through.

这只梨子完全烂了。 #p#分页标题#e#

Put it right in the middle.

把它就放在正中间吧。

This is much the best.

这是最最好的。

That article was simply ridiculous.

那篇文章简直是荒谬极了。

篇11:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

  一般现在时

  标志:动词原形

  1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:

  She often speaks English.

  I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:

  He seems to feel a bit down today.

  He works as a driver.

  3.  表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:

  Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  Columbus proved that the earth is round.

  Where there is a will, there is a way.

  4. 表示现在瞬间的动作:

  Here comes the bus!

  5.  表示将来

  1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如:

  The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.

  How often does the shuttle bus run?

  2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:

  When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.

  I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.

  2

  一般过去时

  标志:动词过去式

  *闭音节:元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。

  1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等)。如:

  Jim rang you just now.

  Liu Ying was in America last year.

  2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如:

  When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.

  She used to visit her mother once a week.

  *注意区分sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词)。

  3. 代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等)及情态动词could, would。如:

  I wondered if you could have a word with me.

  I hoped you could help me with my English.

  Would you mind my sitting here?

  4.  虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:

  It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”

  would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”

  3

  一般将来时

  标志:will / shall + 动词原形

  1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:

  We shall have a lot of rain next month.

  My husband will come back in a few days.

  2.  表示倾向性和习惯性:

  Fish will die without water.

  When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.

  3.  一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:

  1) will / shall + 动词原形

  多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)

  *shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称

  2) be going to + 动词原形

  表示即将发生或打算要做的事:

  It is going to rain.

  We are going to have a meeting today.

  3) be to + 动词原形

  表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:

  He is to visit Japan next year.

  We are to discuss the report on Monday.

  4)  be about to + 动词原形

  表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:

  The plane is about to start.

  Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.

  4

  现在进行时

  标志:be + 动词的现在分词

  1.  表示说话时正在进行的动作:

  She is writing a letter upstairs.

  Who are you waiting for?

  It is raining hard.

  2.  表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):

  I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.

  3.  表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:

  John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.

  He is always thinking of others first.

  4. 表示将来

  1)  表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

  Uncle Wang is coming.

  They're leaving for Beijing.

  2)  在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如:

  Please drop in when you are passing my way.

  If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.

  5

  过去进行时

  标志:was / were + 动词的现在分词

  1.  表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:

  I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.

  They were watching TV at home last night.

  2.  表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:

  My brother was always losing his keys.

  3.  表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

  He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.

  4.  过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生):

  Granny fell asleep when she was reading.

  It was raining when they left the station.

  6

  现在完成时

  标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词

  1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:

  He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)

  Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了)

  2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。

  I have been busy since last week.

  He has taught in our school for 30 years.

  I’ve finished half so far.

  注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:

  She hasn’t seen you for ages.

  His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.

  3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如:

  I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

  4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:

  I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

  If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.

  5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语

  能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:

  1) since 自从

  I have been there many times since the war.

  We haven’t seen each other since last week.

  We have been friends ever since.

  2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中

  I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.

  Great changes have take place in the last ten years.

  I have been here (for) the last/past month.

  3) so far 到目前为止

  We haven’t had any trouble so far.

  So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.

  4)  up to/until now 到现在为止

  Up to now he’s been quiet.

  Up to now, the work has been easy.

  I have heard nothing from him up till now.

  Up till now we have planted over trees.

  5)  It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…

  It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

  It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.

  It is the second time (that) I have met him today.

  6)  This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…

  This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

  6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

  1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;

  而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如:

  I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)

  I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影)

  2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语;

  而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。

  3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);

  而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:

  He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.

  My grandfather bought the car five years ago.

  7. 易错点辨析

  1)  考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:

  (×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。

  (√) He has been dead for two years.

  (√) He died two years ago.

  (×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。

  (√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.

  (√) The film began 10 minutes ago.

  (×) She has married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。

  (√) She has been married for three years.

  (√) She married Mike three years ago.

  2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to,尽管两者均可后接地点,但have been to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了),have gone to表示到某地去了(现在还没回来)。如:

  She has been to Paris (three times).

  She has gone to Paris.

  7

  过去完成时

  标志:had + 动词的过去分词

  1. 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如:

  By the end of last week he had finished the work.

  He had left when I arrived.

  2.  表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:

  We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

  The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

  3. 某些表意向的动词(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如:

  I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

  We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

  4. (虚拟语气)在条件状体从句或wish / would rather等后面的从句中,使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如:

  The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

  I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

  5.  过去完成时与一般过去时

  1) 基本区别:过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如:

  He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习(离现在两年)

  He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。(离他说话时两年)

  2) 特别注意:两个动作如果按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或者用then, and, but等连词连接时,多用一般过去时。如:

  When she saw the mouse, she screamed.

  My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

  8

  过去将来时

  标志:would + 动词原形

  1. 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:

  He said he would come here next Friday.

  I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.

  2. 表示过去的动作习惯或倾向:

  The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.

  When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.

  3. 用于虚拟语气中:

  If I were you, I would not do that.

  If he were here, he would show us how to do it.

  4. 过去将来时的其他形式

  1)  was / were going to + 动词原形。如:

  He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.

  She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.

  2) was / were to + 动词原形。如:

  The building was to be completed next month.

  Li Lei was to arrive soon.

  3)  was / were about to + 动词原形。如:

  We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

  He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.

篇12:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

中考英语语法归纳:一般将来时结构语法

  语法一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。那么,英语一般将来时的句子结构和语法特点是怎样的呢?下面为您讲解一下。

  1)will/shall动词原形shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。willnot=won'tshallnot=shan't例如:

  WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先读哪一段呢?

  Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点回家好吗?

  2)begoingto不定式,表示将来。

  a.主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?

  b.计划,安排要发生的事。例如:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。

  c.有迹象要发生的事。例如:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。

  3)be不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

  WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

  4)beaboutto不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

  HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。

  注意:beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

  Notice:beto和begoingto

  beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

  Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

  I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

  5)现在进行时表将来时

  下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时

  go.come.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arriveandsoon.

  sheisleavingforWuhantomorrow.

  6)一般现在时表将来

  1)下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

  Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。

  Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

  2)以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。

  一般将来时常见结构大比拼

  1.“begoingto动词原形”结构用来表示按照主观意图打算或按计划,安排将要做的事,有“打算、就要”的意思。也常用于表示从迹象上表明将要发生的事情,多指个人主观臆断的推测。如:Lookattheclouds.It’sgoingtorain.看这些云,要下雨了。

  2.“shall或will动词原形”指对将来事物近期或远期的预见,表达个人主观意图以及征求对方意见或表示客气的邀请。在书面语中,shall多用于第一人称;在口语中,will可以用于任何人称。如:Ishall/willshowmyphotostoyounextMonday.我下周一给你看我的照片。

  句型转换

  1.“begoingto动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首,即“Are/Is/Am主语goingto动词原形其它?”。其否定句是在be动词的相应形式后加not.如:

  (1)Theyaregoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.(肯定句)

  (2)Aretheygoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon?(一般疑问句)

  (3)Theyarenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.(否定句)

  2.“shall/will动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首,即“Shall/Will主语动词原形其它?”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not.如:

  (1)Ourteacherwillcomebackverysoon.(肯定句)

  (2)Willourteachercomebackverysoon?(一般疑问句)

  (3)Ourteacherwon’tcomebackverysoon.(否定句)

  一般将来时的用法

  一般将来时的用法(1)

  表示将要发生的动作。

  PerhapsIshall(will)payavisittoFrancethiswinter.可能在今年冬天到法国观光。

  Weshan't(won’t)befreetomorrow.们明天没空。

  Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点你会在家吗?

  Theagreementwillcomeintoforcenextspring.协议将在明年春天生效。

  常用于此类情况的时间状语有:

  1.表示未来的时间状语

  tomorrow明天,nextyear明年,fromnowon从现在起,inamonth一个月之后,inthefuture将来,等。

  2.包含现在的时间状语

  today今天,thisevening今天晚上,thisweek这个星期,thismonth这个月,thisyear今年,等。

  一般将来时的用法(2)

  “begoingto不定式”多用于口语中,表示打算、将要发生的事。

  Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天你要干什么?

  WearegoingtovisittheSummerPalacenextweek.下个星期我们要去参观颐和园。

  Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云,暴风雨快来了。

  一般将来时的用法(3)

  “be不定式”表示安排或计划好了的动作。

  Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?他们的计划什么时候交上来?

  ThequeenistovisitJapannextyear.女王将于明年访日。

  一般将来时的用法(4)“beabout不定式”表示即将发生的动作。

  Heisabouttoretire.他即将退休。TheEnglisheveningisabouttobegin.英语晚会即将开始。

  注意:beaboutto一般不与时间状语连用。

  一般将来时的用法(5)

  come,go等动词用“一般现在时”表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。

  Hestartsnextweek.他下个星期出发。

  Weleaveverysoon.我们很快就离开。

  Thetrainstartsat10o'clockinthemorning.火车将在早上10点开出。

  这类用法限于表示"移动"的动词:come来,go去,leave离开,start出发,begin开始,arrive到达,depart离开,stay逗留,等。

  一般将来时的用法(6)

  come,go等动词在口语中用“现在进行时”表示主语计划将要作的动作。

  TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约。

  Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?你的兄弟很快就要启程吗?

  这类情况常与come来,go去,leave离开,start开始,begin开始,arrive到达,depart离开,stay逗留,等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。

  come,go等动词的用法比较

  come,go等动词用“一般现在时”表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。(较为严格,正式;主语可以是人,也可以是交通工具、会议、戏剧或电影。)come,go等动词在口语中用“现在进行时”表示主语计划将要作的动作。(较为宽松,主语必须是人。)

  Thetrainleavesthestationat11:20.火车将在11点20分离站。

  WeareleavingforBostonnextweek.我们将在下周前往波士顿。

  Whattimedoesthefilmbegin?电影几点开映?

  Isyoursisterstayingherelong?你的姐妹在这儿会逗留很长时间吗?

  Hestartsnextweek.他下周出发。

  Sheisdepartingsoon.她很快就要动身。

  will和begoingto的选用原则

  1.关于“打算”

  原先作好的打算用“begoingto”。

  “Kateisinhospital.”“Yes,Iknow.Iamgoingtoseeherthisafternoon.”

  “凯特在住院。”“是的,我知道。我下午要去看她。”

  说话时即时的打算用“will”。

  “Kateisinhospital.”“Oh,really,Ididn’tknow.Iwillgoandseeheratonce.”

  “凯特在住院。”“哦,是吗?我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”

  2.关于“预料”在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“begoingto”

  Lookattheclouds.It’sgoingtorain.你看天上的云。快下雨了。

  MyGod!Wearegoingtocrash.天哪!我们快撞车了。

  在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will,begoingto”皆可。

  Ithinktheweatherwillbenice.

  Ithinktheweatherisgoingtobenice.我想天会晴朗。

  Doyouthinkthecarwillstart?

  Doyouthinkthecarisgoingtostart?你想车能发动起来吗?

  当动词表示内心活动时,表示猜测的句子必须用“will”

  IthinkshewilllikethecakeImadeforher.我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。

  常和一般将来时连用的时间状语

  表示将要发生的动作。

  PerhapsIshall(will)payavisittoFrancethiswinter.我可能在今年冬天到法国观光。

  Weshan't(won’t)befreetomorrow.我们明天没空。

  Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点你会在家吗?

  Theagreementwillcomeintoforcenextspring.协议将在明年春天生效。

  常用于此类情况的时间状语有:

  1.表示未来的时间状语

  tomorrow明天,nextyear明年,fromnowon从现在起,inamonth一个月之后,inthefuture将来,等。

  today今天,thisevening今天晚上,thisweek这个星期,thismonth这个月,thisyear今年,等。

篇13:中考英语:掌握现在进行时结构

中考英语语法归纳:一般现在时结构语法

  英语语法一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态。那么,英语一般现在时的句子结构和语法特点是怎样的呢?下面为您讲解一下。

  其动词形式是:动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does

  1)肯定句用行为动词原形表示

  They get up very early every morning.他们每天早晨起来很早。

  Ivisit mygrandparents four times a month.我一个月去看望祖父母四次。

  2)否定句用don’t动词原形来表示

  We do not go shopping on Sundays.我们周日不去购物。

  I don’t think you like this colour.我想你不喜欢这个颜色。

  3)一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首,后面动词用原形。回答时,肯定用“Yes,主语do”;否定句用“No,主语don’t”。

  –Do they go to school at seven o’clock?他们七点去上学吗?

  --Yes,they do.

  --Do you like this skirt?你喜欢这条裙子吗?

  --No,Idon’t.不,我不喜欢。

  一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与以下的时间状语连用:often经常,always总是,sometimes有时,usually通常,everyday/week每天/周等。

  He usually goes to school by bike.通常他骑车上学。

  Ivisit mygrandparents every week.我每个星期都去看祖父母。

  She is always late for class.她总是上课迟到。

  My parents and I sometimes go out to eat.我和父母有时出去吃饭。

  It often rains here.这儿常常下雨。

  主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时

  一般现在时态,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要是第三人称单数,后要加-s或-es。

  He likes reading at night.他喜欢夜里读书。

  She usually goes to school by bike.她平时骑车上学。

  The little cat drinks milk every day.小猫每天都喝牛奶。

  转换成否定句要加doesn’t,其后的动词用原形。

  Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。

  He doesn’t feel well today.他今天感觉不舒服。

  转换成一般疑问句,句首用Does,其后的动词用原形。

  Does he have lunch at school?他在学校吃午饭吗?

  Does it take long by train?乘火车要很长时间吗?

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